Marx & Engels Collected Works
Volume 30
1861-1863
(Theories of Surplus Value, Volume I)
Contents
A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (Manuscripts of 1861-63)
Preface to Marx-Engels Collected Works Volume (30)
1) Transformation of Money into Capital
a) M—C—M. The Most General Form of Capital
b) Difficulties Arising from the Nature of Value, etc.
γ) Exchange with Labour. Labour Process. Valorisation Process
Value of Labour Capacity. Minimum Salary Or Average Wage of Labour
Exchange of Money with Labour Capacity
The Labour Process
The Valorisation Process
Unity of the Labour Process and the Valorisation Process. (The Capitalist Production Process)
The 2 Components into which the Transformation of Money into Capital is Divided
Additions
2) Absolute Surplus Value
a) Surplus Value is to be Conceived as a simple Relation to a Definite Portion of Capital, namely that laid out in Wages
b) Ratio of Surplus Labour to Necessary Labour. Measure of Surplus Labour
c) Advantage of Overwork
d) Simultaneous Working Days
e) Character of Surplus Labour
Additions
Rate of Surplus Value
3) Relative Surplus Value
α) Cooperation
β) Division of Labour
//Digression: (On Productive Labour)//
γ) Machinery. Utilisation of the Forces of Nature and of Science (Steam, Electricity, Mechanical and Chemical Agencies)
Theories of Surplus Value
Preface
Contents of the Manuscript
I. Sir James Steuart. Distinction between "Profit upon Alienation" and the Positive Increase of Wealth
[General Observation]
[Chapter I] Sir James Steuart
[Distinction Between "Profit Upon Alienation" and the Positive Increase of Wealth]
II. The Physiocrats
[1. Transfer of the Inquiry into the Origin of Surplus-Value from the Sphere of Circulation into the Sphere of Direct Production. Conception of Rent as the Sole Form of Surplus-Value]
[2. Contradictions in the System of the Physiocrats: the Feudal Shell of the System and Its Bourgeois Essence; the Twofold Treatment of Surplus-Value]
[3. Quesnay on the Three Classes in Society. Further Development of Physiocratic Theory with Turgot: Elements of a Deeper Analysis of Capitalist Relations]
[4. Confusion of Value with Material Substance (Paoletti)]
[5. Elements of Physiocratic Theory in Adam Smith]
[6. The Physiocrats as Partisans of Large-Scale Capitalist Agriculture]
[7. Contradictions in the Political Views of the Physiocrats. The Physiocrats and the French Revolution]
[8. Vulgarisation of the Physiocratic Doctrine by the Prussian Reactionary Schmalz]
[9. An Early Critique of the Superstition of the Physiocrats in the Question of Agriculture (Verri)]
III. Adam Smith
[1. Smith's Two Different Definitions of Value; the Determination of Value by the Quantity of Labour Expended Which Is Contained in a Commodity, and Its Determination by the Quantity of Living Labour Which Can Be Bought in Exchange for This Commodity]
[2. Smith's General Conception of Surplus-Value. The Notion of Profit, Rent and Interest as Deductions from the Product of the Worker's Labour]
[3. Adam Smith's Extension of the Idea of Surplus-Value to All Spheres of Social Labour]
[4. Smith's Failure to Grasp the Specific Way in Which the Law of Value Operates in the Exchange between Capital and Wage-Labour]
[5. Smith's Identification of Surplus-Value with Profit. The Vulgar Element in Smith's Theory]
[6. Smith's Erroneous View of Profit, Rent of Land and Wages as Sources of Value]
[7. Smith's Dual View of the Relationship between Value and Revenue. The Vicious Circle of Smith's Conception of "'Natural Price" as the Sum of Wages, Profit and Rent]
[8. Smith's Error in Resolving the Total Value of the Social Product into Revenue. Contradictions in His Views on Gross and Net Revenue]
[9. Say as Vulgariser of Smith's Theory. Say's Identification of the Social Gross Product with the Social Revenue. Attempts to Draw a Distinction between Them by Storch and Ramsay]
[10. Inquiry into How It Is Possible for the Annual Profit and Wages to Buy the Annual Commodities, Which Besides Profit and Wages Also Contain Constant Capital]
[(a) Impossibility of the Replacement of the Constant Capital of the Producers of Consumption Goods through Exchange between These Producers]
[(b) Impossibility of Replacing the Whole Constant Capital of society by Means of Exchange between the Producers of Articles of Consumption and the Producers of Means of Production]
[(c) Exchange of Capital for Capital between the Producers of Means of Production. Annual Product of Labour and the Product of Labour Newly Added Annually]
[11. Additional Points: Smith's Confusion on the Question of the Measure of Value. General Character of the Contradictions in Smith]